《帝国：全面战争》各国资料介绍

来自：黄龙骑士团/ wiinds

Great Britain 大不列颠

大不列颠:

大不列颠本非天成，而是不同国家与民族的混合体。这个新生的国家刚刚经历了一个世纪的混乱：英格兰与苏格兰之间不得人心的合并、宗教冲突、内战、查理一世被处决、克伦威尔专制、斯图亚特王朝复辟、国王再次被废……。还不到十五年前，信奉天主教的詹姆士二世无视议会独断专行，最终导致愤恨不已的议员们发动“光荣革命”，把这位不受欢迎的国王流放到了法国。信奉新教的玛丽和荷兰执政威廉——詹姆士二世的女儿和女婿，受国会的邀请来到不列颠，成为新一任国王和女王。不久之后，威廉在爱尔兰与詹姆士二世的天主教支持者进行了一场短暂而残酷的战争，彻底扫清了斯图亚特王室复辟的任何可能。尽管如此，詹姆士·斯图亚特仍然拥有大批的支持者，这些人被称作二世党人，遍布不列颠各地，特别是苏格兰。

告别了——也可能是得益于动荡的过去，大不列颠现在成为了北欧文化和科技进步的发动机：混乱乃是进步的催化剂。如莎士比亚所说：“……银色的海洋，乃是我们至强的城墙与护城河……”，作为一个岛国，大不列颠的力量蕴藏于海洋：海运贸易，海军和海外殖民。殖民地贸易的税收用来支付海军的军费，海军则保证贸易和殖民不受阻碍地进行。忠于国王的殖民地居民平日辛勤劳作，生产大量原料（如蔗糖，烟草）运到不列颠本土，在战时则为海军提供兵员。英吉利海峡将不列颠与法兰西和德意志隔开——同时也包括荷兰。当荷兰执政威廉坐上不列颠的王位时，不列颠与荷兰一直以来的竞争便面临着尴尬的局面。

英格兰和苏格兰人尽可高枕无忧：任何外国入侵者或暴君都不能威胁到他们。某种程度上，他们是对的，但这种安全感仍然建立在欧洲大陆诸国林立、纷争不休的基础上。若有某个强国能够统合全欧资源，便能轻易粉碎不列颠人的迷梦。因此，大不列颠的基本国策是：在大陆事务方面，站在弱者的一方反对强者，并趁机渔利，攫取更多的海外殖民地。

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

France 法兰西

尽管卷入三十年战争给法国带来了诸多内忧外患，但在太阳王路易十四及其忠实臣子的统治下，法兰西在军事和政治上的辉煌延续了半个世纪。路易和他的两位精明强干的首相－红衣主教黎赛留，马萨林和财政大臣柯尔贝尔驾驶着法国这辆庞大的马车避开了阻碍其发展的封建纷争，建立起了一个由国王掌握绝对权力的中央集权政*府。 到了1700年，法兰西已经是欧洲霸主，拥有一支无敌的军队，广阔的殖民地和一位国内外人人敬畏的国王。没有任何一个国家能够对她装备精良的军队和堡垒林立的国境线构成实实在在的威胁。尽管太阳王日渐老迈，法国的波旁王朝依然坚不可摧。波旁家族人丁兴旺，通过王族联姻，这个家族享有众多显赫头衔的继承权。在南边，西班牙哈布斯堡家族恰好缺少一位继承人，而那个软弱的阳痿国王查尔斯二世意味着一名波旁家族成员某一天很可能成功入主马德里。为什么不去试一试呢？当然，并不是所有的哈布斯堡家族支系都和他们的西班牙亲戚一样虚弱。奥地利哈布斯堡家族和其他欧洲列强可能不会心甘情愿地看见一个法国人或者受法国支持的候选人登上西班牙王位。不过没关系，法兰西依然被其它机遇包围着：除了欧洲之外，还有更广阔的大陆可供征服和殖民，比如北美的新法兰西和富饶的印度。如果想要取得胜利，那么毫无信义的英国佬必须被驱逐或消灭——既然我们生活在一个弱肉强食的年代里，这又有什么错呢？

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

Sweden 瑞典

瑞典:

瑞典王国，一个主宰着斯堪的纳维亚半岛和波罗的海的北欧帝国，无与伦比的武士国王古斯塔夫·阿道夫二世的传奇之作。

尽管古斯塔夫·阿道夫二世在一六三二年的吕岑会战中阵亡，但他亲手缔造的新军队还是令瑞典从三十年战争——这场看似永无尽头的宗教纷争中获益颇丰。随后，瑞典凭借着在这场残酷搏杀中所锻造出的无与伦比的军事机器可以随心所欲地入侵波罗的海的沿岸邻国。不过，这部军事机器同样消耗着瑞典人的金钱与生命，而这二者对于这个国家来说并不充裕。因此，一个谨慎的管家是必须的——然而，查理十一世死后留下的是一笔庞大的军事遗产，希望他的儿子也能依靠这些来驰骋疆场；而查理十二世则恰恰也是个醉心于军务的国王。 在新世纪曙光的照耀下，瑞典是一个强大而又好战的国家。在刚刚过去的一百年里被其夺取了大量领土和充满妒意的一群对手现在仍然包围着她：在东边，俄罗斯人渴望在波罗的海夺取一个畅通无阻的出海口，从而打开一扇通向西方的窗户；在南边，波兰——立陶宛联邦想要收复失地；在西边，挪威期盼获得独立，而丹麦则蠢蠢欲动企图终结瑞典在波罗的海的霸权。然而，对于那些果敢的人来说，每一个潜在威胁的背后都隐藏着破解的良机。瑞典的每个对手都不像表面上的那么强大：俄罗斯的确幅员辽阔，但不可思议地落后。瑞典完全有机会以“内湖”的波罗的海为根据地，崛起为北方的新教强权。瑞典的陆军可以与欧洲任何国家的军队媲美，海军也不缺乏资源和作战技巧。看来，只要瑞典能够确保后院的安全，谁说她不能夺取并且巩固一个海外帝国呢？

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

Russia 俄罗斯

   “沙皇俄国”，一如她的统治者早先称呼的那样，是一位沉睡的巨人，有着古老的传统和独特的行为方式。在这里，封建农奴制的生活已牢牢扎根在这个社会中，农奴像奶牛一样被束缚在土地上，且鲜少拥有权力。这是一个辽阔，极度保守而又宗教色彩浓厚的国家。祖国母亲和东正教是民族信仰的两大支柱。沙皇是他的子民的君父，但是无论传统还是实际上，他更是一个严厉的君父。伊凡雷帝就是最好的注解，而且他也并不是唯一一个有着钢铁意志的统治者。沙俄需要一双强有力的手统治这个“第三罗马 帝国 ”——拜占庭陷落后基督教真正的家园（根据东正教义）。而现在，俄国正在改变，正在觉醒。

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

The Ottoman Empire 奥斯曼帝国

奥斯曼帝国 :

过去几个世纪的欧洲 历史可以看成是奥斯曼帝国烈焰般的征服与一些恼人的蕞尔小邦不自量力阻挡其扩张之路的历史。奥斯曼帝国的力量与庄严来源于她无比辽阔的疆域：她雄踞于欧亚的十字路口，占据了诸如“丝绸之路”的传统贸易路线；她控制了整个北非海岸，俯瞰着地中海向北眺望欧洲。自一四五三年消灭拜占庭的东正教帝国之后，奥斯曼帝国开始势如破竹，一路向西扩张，直达欧洲的心脏。在过去最辉煌的记忆中，奥斯曼帝国曾直逼维也纳城门之下，但最终还是为奥地利坚不可摧的防御所阻。在奥斯曼帝国的宫廷政治中，对外扩张一直是一剂灵丹妙药：当苏丹平息了国内的动乱，他就向欧洲进攻，夺取威望和财富以巩固他的统治；当苏丹受到身边禁卫军将领的威胁时，他就把禁卫军派到欧洲去当炮灰。

现在，奥斯曼土耳其面临着严峻的挑战，但挑战中也蕴藏着无尽的机遇。尽管和某些欧洲国家相比，奥斯曼军队已经相当过时，但苏丹麾下仍然兵多将广。从战略上来看，奥斯曼帝国的地理位置蕴藏着巨大的潜力：巴尔干半岛的山区既是守卫伊斯坦布尔的天然堡垒，又是征服欧洲腹地的跳板。既然教皇已经不能禁止基督教国家与异教国家结盟，那么奥斯曼帝国甚至能在奥地利的欧洲对手中找到盟友。此外，如果成功控制了地中海，奥斯曼帝国便可随意向任何一个“蕞尔小邦”发起进攻。在东面，富庶的印度也正在召唤着帝国踏上远征的道路

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

United Provinces 荷兰

作为西北欧新教徒的坚固堡垒，自1648年成功颠覆西班牙统治获得独立之后，荷兰便成为一个科学，贸易和自由思想繁荣昌盛之地。在大规模筑坝填海造地的同时，荷兰人成为了世界上首个海洋强权。仅仅三十年前，荷兰海军就曾驶入泰晤士河，在港口焚毁了英国船只：这种英勇的行为是不会被轻易忘却的。

荷兰商人遍布世界的各个角落，将财富源源不断地从港口输入荷兰本土。无论是印度还是加勒比都有着他们活跃的身影，只要有利润的地方就少不了他们。虽然西班牙对新世界的占领和威胁迫使荷兰人放弃了对美洲贸易的觊觎，但他们已经学会了如何在哈布斯堡家族的威胁下生存。在粉碎了他们重新吞并荷兰的野心后，荷兰人对于在哈布斯堡家族统治下的西班牙和奥地利已经没有任何好感。扩张成性的法国则对荷兰持观望态度。现在，荷兰的其他对手们已经不再像过去那样危险了：英国已经……驯服这个词似乎有点不太合适……消除了对荷兰的敌意：信奉新教的荷兰执政，奥兰治亲王威廉三世，已经接受了英国国会的邀请，成为英荷两国的共主。威廉公正的人格和温和的统治大大缓解了英国与荷兰这两个在海外贸易上激烈竞争的国家之间的对立与冲突。 可以说，强大的海军与胜利的传统令荷兰的未来充满了希望。无尽的财富遍布世界的各个角落，只要荷兰人想要就可以攫取它！

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

Spain 西班牙

西班牙享有悠久的海外征服与殖民史：1492年，哥伦布发现了美洲；1494年，西班牙与葡萄牙签订了一份瓜分整个世界的条约；1521年，科尔特斯征服了阿兹特克；1536年，皮萨罗征服了印加帝国。在西班牙人眼中，征服新世界是“为荣耀主，为国王效力，为了发财”。从这三个方面来看，他们的确极为成功。 西班牙是一个狂热的天主教国家。直到现在，教会的权威和可怕的宗教审判仍然统治着人们的精神世界。这一点可以部分地解释为什么“西班牙掌握着大量财富，但经济却在走下坡路。”天主教会视高利贷为违背道德与教义的重罪。但“借高利贷的人下地狱，不这么做的人只好去贫民窟”。禁止放贷同样令商人们无法扩张资本壮大自身实力以应对北欧同行的竞争。西班牙封建贵族掌握绝大部分财富，但他们对国家经济增长毫无贡献，因为任何一个有教养的西班牙绅士都不屑于屈尊去赚钱工作。然而，绅士的荣誉和国家的光荣却值得为之奋勇搏杀，因此西班牙贵族从来不缺乏勇气。的确，无论是在陆上还是在海中，西班牙军队都不缺乏足够的勇士—众所周知，他们很快就要为捍卫西班牙的荣誉而战！现任西班牙国王，“被诅咒的”查尔斯二世是一个可悲的弱智，哈布斯堡家族伟大先辈脚下的一道阴影，还是一个没有子嗣的痿哥。在软弱的查尔斯二世的愚蠢统治下，西班牙的国力大受打击，不过这个白痴终究会死去。然后呢？哪一股力量将会决定西班牙和她庞大的海外帝国的命运？西班牙是否将再一次与新教徒对决？抑或新一代征服者将把西班牙国旗插到另一片遥远的海岸上？为了重铸西班牙的辉煌，查尔斯二世的继承者需要考虑的还有很多.......

翻译及润色人员：astlos，pulom，oliphaunt，charlieshen，kevinly1984，jeffery，sorcererhx，edwardhws，乾盛帝 ，JOHNASON19 ，tokyowar

Prussia 普鲁士

Prussia

Prussia itself has only been “German” since the 13th Century, when the Teutonic Knights carved out a new Christian state on the Baltic coast. The present Kingdom of Prussia is a new state, the result of a union between the duchies of Brandenburg and Prussia, and it is a Kingdom only because the current ruler, Elector Frederick III has decided to improve his status to that of King! In doing so, however, he has been careful not to offend the Holy Roman Emperor, the Archduke of Austria,and calls himself the King “in” Prussia, not the King “of” Prussia. The form of words is a fig leaf: Frederick is King. And he is the king of a potentially powerful and influential Protestant nation, a centre of gravity within “the Germanies” for all those who would look elsewhere for a lead than Catholic Austria. The Prussians believe – not without reason – that their virtues as apeople can carry them through any trouble: martial discipline,sacrifice, a sense of order, but this sense of duty should not be confused with ignorance or intolerance, no matter what others may say.Prussians have always had to fight, but that has made them competent,not bloodthirsty. They have the potential to become a great continental power thanks to their martial traditions, many of which can be traced back to the Teutonic Knights. These could form the basis of a truly world-beating army. Under the right guidance, they could unite the German-speaking peoples into a single entity, dominate the Baltic and,perhaps, extend their reach far beyond the confines of Central Europe.

Poland-Lithuania 波兰-立陶宛

Poland is an old idea, and an old kingdom. Like anything old, it has old enmities and problems.

The problems, and enmities, are those of any state surrounded by ambitious rivals, all of whom are looking to become stronger at someone else’s expense. Sweden’s ambitions to create an empire around the Baltic; Tsar Peter’s desires to make Russia a great European power to rival the style of Bourbon France; the Austrians and Prussians each seeking to define a greater Germany and secure their borders; even the distant Ottomans have to be considered, should they ever launch a new assault on Christian Europe. And in the middle of all of this, a Polish-Lithuanian state that is not under the control of a single, strong ruler, a man who can impose his will to defend his people. Instead, Poland is something altogether stranger: a land where the people have a say in government.

That the country has survived at all is a tribute to the spirit of its people. And yet, these rivalries could be turned to advantage. A Polish leader who picked his alliances carefully, and his wars equally so, could do much to make his country great. The Russians have no divine right to dominate the steppes, or the Swedes to control the Baltic. The various Germans states need allies, the same as other nations, and cannot expect to take anything they want without a struggle. A clever Polish leader could make much of this situation, if he can manage the hopes, expectations and fears of his people at home.

Austria 奥地利

The history of Austria is one of warfare against invaders from the east, and the infidel Turks in particular. The originally Duchy was the eastern marches of the Holy Roman Empire (the Ostmark), and the defensive importance of Austria to the rest of Europe is immense. For nearly 250 years, the Ottoman Turks have hurled themselves against the bastion of Austria, reaching the gates of Vienna on more than one occasion. The last time was in 1683. Austrian bravery has kept them at bay, every time.

After the bloodletting of the last century – the Thirty Years War – within the Holy Roman Empire, Austria is a leading power among “the Germanies”. Leopold I, the ruling Hapsburg, has brought peace and prosperity, and maintained a first-class military machine (in particular, the Austrians have mastered the tactics using light, irregular troops). This gives the Austrians the potential to become a truly great power, either within the borders of the old Empire, to the south in Italy, or to the east. This latter scheme requires the Turks to be persuaded – at sword point – that their destiny lies outside Europe. The Austrians also have much to be proud of in the arts, music and culture. Beyond their immediate borders, there are other matters for the Hapsburgs to consider. The Spanish branch of the family is now close to extinction, as Charles II has failed to produce an heir, among his other problems. Perhaps Spain should remain a part of Hapsburg domains, but this might lead to confrontation with France. And then, of course, there are the pan-Slavic, Christian Orthodox ambitions of the Russian Tsar to consider…

Marathas 马拉地

The Maratha Empire or Confederacy was born in violence, as the result of the successful overthrow of Mughal rule less than a generation ago.Raja (king) Shivaji managed to gain control of the Pune region, and from then Mughal power was no longer invincible. As might be expected,the Mughals and the Marathas still nurse a dislike for each other.

Unlike the foreign (in origin) Mughals, the Maratha rulers are Indian princes and kings. They know the value of the Indian way of doing things, of the age-old strength of their lands. Their armies may look old fashioned, possibly quaint, to foreign eyes but that makes them no less effective. The empire exists solely because it has the military strength to withstand the Mughal threat.

Perhaps now, though, it is time to think of expansion. It may no longer be enough to hold off the Mughals; perhaps they should be driven from India altogether, and a new empire with Indian rulers established.Perhaps only Indians truly have the ability to withstand the Europeans who are starting to demand much of India. For now, the Europeans wantonly money and trade, but soon they will be after concessions, a little piece of land here, another piece there, until all is ruled by foreigners from across the sea. Unless a strong hand guides India, it is possible that the rule of Mughal outsiders will be replaced by the lordship of European outsiders. And perhaps, one day, a Maratha could demand concessions from a European, in his lands…